![]() ![]() But the resource limitations of In & Ga and toxicity of Cd limit the large-scale applications of these elements. The highest record conversion efficiency of 22.6% for CIGS solar cell has been reported by Fraunhofer ISE and 21.0% for CdTe solar cell by First Solar at lab scale. have reported optical and structural properties of the composite structures WO 2:W and demonstrated significant solar absorbance together with a high infrared reflectance. Some metal oxides such as WO 3 coatings have also been reported useful for photovoltaic applications. Therefore for commercial purpose, thin film photovoltaic technology (TFPV) has been developed based on Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) and other compound materials. However, the major disadvantage of c-Si technology is their high fabrication cost and rigid body that leads to high module price. At present, the dominant photovoltaic technology is solely based on crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell and accounted for about 94% of the total annual production. The photovoltaic (PV) technology provides the efficient conversion of solar energy into electric energy. Among the various form of renewable energy, solar energy is the most cost-effective and clean energy resource. Nowadays, the production of electric energy from green energy resources has become an important alternative to carbon based renewable resources.
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